High Altitude Illness: Current Trends

Nepal, the home of the highest mountain peaks, is one of the most popular trekking destinations in the world. The Himalaya begins where other mountain ranges leave off. Local farmers have cut small terrace fields on the slopes of colossal gorges which have been carved out by large glacial fed rivers. Everest Base Camp located at an altitude of 5,360 metres (17,590 ft) is 1,000 meters higher than the highest point in Europe. Human body can adjust to these altitudes, but if given enough time and rest. Being in a hurry in the mountain sojourns can give rise to high altitude illness consequences of which can even be lethal. High altitude illness collectively describes syndromes that come into play shortly after ascent to high altitude and mainly affects unacclimatized individuals. It encompasses the cerebral syndromes of acute mountain sickness (AMS), high altitude cerebral oedema (HACO) and high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPO). Better knowledge of the high altitude sickness among members of trekking groups will be essential for the prevention and preparedness towards this health problem. Indoctrination sessions about the do’s and don’ts at high altitude for trekkers, pilgrims and other associated high risk groups prior to starting the ascent must be done. Health professionals at all levels should be trained in medical management of high altitude sickness. Provision of air evacuation and hyperbaric chamber facilities at various strategic locations will be highly beneficial to decrease morbidity and mortality burden due to high altitude illness.